Introduction: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are among the most prevalent birth defects, with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) accounting for nearly a third of cases worldwide. One rare manifestation of CCHD is congenital heart block, a condition that can lead to severe bradycardia in infants. This case report highlights a Nigerian infant diagnosed with complex CCHD presenting as congenital heart block.
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Case Summary:
- A 3-month-old female infant presented with symptoms of respiratory distress, poor weight gain, and bradycardia.
- Echocardiography revealed complex CCHD, including single atrium, single ventricle pathway, complete atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), hypoplastic right ventricle, and pulmonary artery abnormalities.
- Despite medical intervention, the infant remained oxygen-dependent and persistently bradycardic.
Understanding Congenital Heart Block in CCHD: Congenital heart block is a rare but severe condition often associated with structural heart defects. According to the American Heart Association (AHA), congenital heart block can arise due to genetic factors, maternal autoimmune diseases, or structural abnormalities.
Key Findings and Clinical Implications:
- The presence of congenital heart block in CCHD patients significantly increases mortality rates.
- Early detection through fetal echocardiography and ECG is crucial for timely intervention.
- In severe cases, pacemaker implantation is required for long-term management.
Read the full study at: https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.acr.1001058
Treatment Challenges and Future Directions:
- Limited access to pediatric pacemaker implantation remains a significant barrier in low-resource settings.
- Strengthening maternal healthcare services and prenatal screening can help in early detection and management.
- Awareness campaigns on maternal risk factors such as alcohol-based herbal concoctions during pregnancy should be prioritized.
Further Reading and Related Studies:
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