Pediatric Dysgerminoma: Understanding a Rare Ovarian Tumor

Introduction Pediatric dysgerminoma is a rare malignant ovarian tumor, accounting for only 1%–2% of all ovarian cancers. Though most commonly seen in young women, its occurrence in pediatric patients is exceptionally rare. In this blog, we explore a unique case of pediatric dysgerminoma, shedding light on its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis A 12-year-old girl presented with a three-week history of pelvic pain and progressive abdominal swelling. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen with a palpable abdominopelvic mass. Imaging studies, including ultrasonography and MRI, confirmed a solid heterogeneous mass measuring 20 cm × 16 cm × 8 cm, originating from the pelvis. Tumor markers showed elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, which supported the diagnosis.

Treatment and Management The patient underwent a right salpingo-oophorectomy. Histological examination and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of dysgerminoma. Given the early stage of the tumor, no adjuvant treatment was required. Instead, regular follow-ups, physical examinations, and LDH assays were scheduled to monitor the patient’s progress.

The Role of Medical Organizations in Pediatric Oncology The American Cancer Society (ACS) emphasizes the importance of early detection and appropriate surgical management for pediatric ovarian tumors. Multidisciplinary approaches, including oncologists, pathologists, and radiologists, are crucial in ensuring successful treatment outcomes for such rare malignancies.

Key Findings from the Study

• Dysgerminomas are rare but represent the most common malignant germ cell tumors in young patients.
• Symptoms include abdominal pain, distention, and a palpable mass.
• MRI and ultrasonography are valuable diagnostic tools.
• Surgical intervention is the primary treatment, with fertility-preserving options in early-stage cases.
• Regular follow-up is critical to monitor for recurrence.

Further Reading and References For a detailed analysis, read the full study at https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.acr.1001087.

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