Coronarography in Senegalese Diabetic Patients Key Insights from a Recent Study

Introduction Diabetes significantly increases the risk of coronary artery disease, which remains a leading cause of mortality in diabetic patients. Coronary angiography is essential in detecting and managing these conditions, particularly in high-risk populations. A recent study conducted at the Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital in Senegal provides valuable insights into the indications and outcomes of coronarography in diabetic patients.

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Study Findings: Key Highlights

• Prevalence and Patient Profile: Among 400 patients who underwent coronary angiography, 45 were diabetics, making up 11.25% of the total cases. The majority were male (62%), with an average age of 62 years.
• Diabetes and Risk Factors: Most patients (97.8%) had type II diabetes, with an average disease duration of 9.94 years. Common coexisting cardiovascular risk factors included hypertension (66.7%) and dyslipidemia (49.6%).
• Symptoms and Diagnosis: Surprisingly, only 9% of patients reported typical chest pain, while nearly half (48.9%) were asymptomatic. ECG abnormalities were present in 84.4% of cases, and 57.8% of patients had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
• Coronary Angiography Results: The procedure revealed significant coronary lesions in 82.2% of cases. Single-vessel disease was found in 31.1% of patients, while 17.8% had multi-vessel involvement.

Broader Implications in Cardiovascular Care The American Diabetes Association (ADA) emphasizes the importance of early cardiovascular screening in diabetic patients. According to their guidelines, asymptomatic diabetics with additional risk factors should undergo non-invasive cardiac evaluations before requiring invasive procedures like coronary angiography.

Further Reading and Resources

• Read the full study at https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jccm.1001007.
• Explore related articles on cardiology at https://www.cardiologymedjournal.org/jccm.

Management and Treatment Approaches

• Angioplasty and Stenting: 31.1% of patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents.
• Surgical and Medical Management: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed in 20% of cases, while 17.8% received medical management alone.
• Complications: The study reported a complication rate of 8.9%, including arterial spasms, vagal discomfort, and one case of coronary artery dissection requiring immediate stenting.

Conclusion and Future Directions This study highlights the significant burden of coronary artery disease among diabetic patients in Senegal. Early detection and intervention remain crucial in improving outcomes. Given the high prevalence of silent ischemia, routine screening in high-risk diabetic populations is recommended.

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