Awareness Level on the Role of Forensic DNA Database in Criminal Investigation in Nigeria Insights from Benin City

Introduction

Forensic DNA databases have become essential tools in modern criminal investigations worldwide, offering reliable and accurate means to identify suspects and exonerate the innocent. However, awareness of their role varies significantly across regions. This article delves into the awareness level regarding forensic DNA databases in Nigeria, focusing on a case study conducted in Benin City. Visit https://www.forensicscijournal.com/ for more groundbreaking research in forensic science and criminal investigations.

Understanding Forensic DNA Databases and Their Global Importance

Forensic DNA databases store genetic profiles used by law enforcement agencies to match DNA evidence from crime scenes with potential suspects or victims. Globally, many countries have established such databases, which have proven invaluable in preventing miscarriages of justice and improving crime detection efficiency.

In countries like the UK, South Africa, and Egypt, forensic DNA databases are integral to their criminal justice systems, supported by legislation and awareness campaigns. Yet, in Nigeria, this investigative tool remains underutilized due to limited awareness and infrastructural challenges.

A detailed analysis can be found in our main journal article at https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001019.

Key Findings from the Benin City Case Study

• Low Awareness Levels: The study surveyed 458 respondents, including security agents and students, revealing that 53.28% had no knowledge of forensic science, while only 27.54% were aware of it.
• Forensic DNA Profiling Knowledge: 42.14% were unaware of forensic DNA profiling, with just over a third (35.59%) demonstrating good knowledge.
• National Forensic DNA Database Awareness: Nearly half (48.47%) had no knowledge of Nigeria having a national forensic DNA database, and only 29.26% acknowledged its existence, which is currently non-existent.
• Legislative Gaps: A significant portion of respondents (74.27%) were uncertain whether Nigeria had legislation supporting a forensic DNA database, and only 11.41% correctly understood that no such legislation exists at present.

These findings highlight the critical gap in forensic DNA awareness that hinders Nigeria’s criminal justice progress.

Broader Implications for Nigeria’s Criminal Justice System

The American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors emphasizes the vital role forensic science plays in ensuring justice through scientific evidence. In Nigeria, the lack of forensic DNA database infrastructure and awareness affects the efficiency of investigations and legal proceedings. The study recommends that:

• Educational Programs on forensic science be incorporated into Nigerian universities to build expertise.
• Legislative Action to enact laws establishing and regulating forensic DNA databases.
• Investment in Laboratory Facilities to meet international standards for DNA profiling and analysis.

Such measures could align Nigeria with global best practices and significantly improve crime-solving capabilities.

For more on forensic science education and policy, visit https://www.forensicscijournal.com/.

Summary of Recommendations

• University Collaboration: Incorporate forensic science programs to increase expertise and awareness.
• Government Funding: Upgrade laboratories to ISO standards to facilitate hands-on training and research.
• Legislative Framework: Enact and review laws on forensic DNA use and database establishment.

Call-to-Action

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